Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act

Key: what the circles and colors mean

Each circle is a bill. The ring fills as it moves through Congress:

IntroducedPassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law (gold)Resolution agreed to (full, dark)Failed or vetoed (gray)

Under the number: the Yea · Nay count of its final (or latest) recorded vote. On a member's page, the small badge is how that member voted: Y Yea / Aye, N Nay / No, P Present, – Not voting.

Gold and violet are only for Yea and Nay; they never mean a party. A member's party is the letter on their photo.

R HillSponsor

3 cosponsors · 1 D, 2 R

D Vargas WD

R Davidson PS

R Sessions

1 signed on when it was introduced; the rest joined later. Cosponsors who withdrew aren't shown.

House Introduced May 14, 2025
House Passed Jun 23, 2025 397–12

This bill expands the eligibility criteria for an accredited investor for purposes of participating in private offerings of securities to include an individual determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to have qualifying professional knowledge through educational or professional experience.

What it does: CRS summary · Introduced in House · May 14, 2025

Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act

This bill expands the eligibility criteria for an accredited investor for purposes of participating in private offerings of securities to include an individual determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to have qualifying professional knowledge through educational or professional experience. (Certain unregistered securities may only be offered to accredited investors.)

The bill also provides statutory authority for certain existing criteria for an accredited investor, including licensure or registration in good standing as a broker or investment adviser, specified annual salary, and specified net worth.

Further, the SEC is directed to revise the definition of accredited investor in Regulation D (which exempts certain offerings from SEC registration requirements) to conform to changes in this bill.

Member	Party at vote	Seat	Position
Nicholas Begich	R	AK-AL	Yea
Barry Moore	R	AL-1	Yea
Shomari Figures	D	AL-2	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	AL-3	Not Voting
Robert Aderholt	R	AL-4	Yea
Dale Strong	R	AL-5	Yea
Gary Palmer	R	AL-6	Yea
Terri Sewell	D	AL-7	Not Voting
Rick Crawford	R	AR-1	Yea
J. Hill	R	AR-2	Yea
Steve Womack	R	AR-3	Yea
Bruce Westerman	R	AR-4	Yea
David Schweikert	R	AZ-1	Yea
Eli Crane	R	AZ-2	Yea
Yassamin Ansari	D	AZ-3	Yea
Greg Stanton	D	AZ-4	Not Voting
Andy Biggs	R	AZ-5	Yea
Juan Ciscomani	R	AZ-6	Yea
Abraham Hamadeh	R	AZ-8	Yea
Paul Gosar	R	AZ-9	Yea
Doug LaMalfa	R	CA-1	Yea
Mark DeSaulnier	D	CA-10	Yea
Nancy Pelosi	D	CA-11	Yea
Lateefah Simon	D	CA-12	Yea
Adam Gray	D	CA-13	Yea
Eric Swalwell	D	CA-14	Yea
Kevin Mullin	D	CA-15	Yea
Sam Liccardo	D	CA-16	Yea
Ro Khanna	D	CA-17	Yea
Zoe Lofgren	D	CA-18	Yea
Jimmy Panetta	D	CA-19	Yea
Jared Huffman	D	CA-2	Yea
Vince Fong	R	CA-20	Yea
Jim Costa	D	CA-21	Yea
David Valadao	R	CA-22	Yea
Jay Obernolte	R	CA-23	Yea
Salud Carbajal	D	CA-24	Yea
Raul Ruiz	D	CA-25	Yea
Julia Brownley	D	CA-26	Not Voting
George Whitesides	D	CA-27	Yea
Judy Chu	D	CA-28	Yea
Luz Rivas	D	CA-29	Yea
Kevin Kiley	R	CA-3	Yea
Laura Friedman	D	CA-30	Yea
Gilbert Cisneros	D	CA-31	Yea
Brad Sherman	D	CA-32	Yea
Pete Aguilar	D	CA-33	Yea
Jimmy Gomez	D	CA-34	Yea
Norma Torres	D	CA-35	Yea
Ted Lieu	D	CA-36	Yea
Sydney Kamlager-Dove	D	CA-37	Yea
Linda Sánchez	D	CA-38	Yea
Mark Takano	D	CA-39	Yea
Mike Thompson	D	CA-4	Yea
Young Kim	R	CA-40	Yea
Ken Calvert	R	CA-41	Yea
Robert Garcia	D	CA-42	Yea
Maxine Waters	D	CA-43	Yea
Nanette Barragán	D	CA-44	Yea
Derek Tran	D	CA-45	Yea
J. Correa	D	CA-46	Yea
Dave Min	D	CA-47	Yea
Darrell Issa	R	CA-48	Yea
Mike Levin	D	CA-49	Yea
Tom McClintock	R	CA-5	Yea
Scott Peters	D	CA-50	Yea
Sara Jacobs	D	CA-51	Yea
Juan Vargas	D	CA-52	Yea
Ami Bera	D	CA-6	Not Voting
Doris Matsui	D	CA-7	Yea
John Garamendi	D	CA-8	Yea
Josh Harder	D	CA-9	Yea
Diana DeGette	D	CO-1	Yea
Joe Neguse	D	CO-2	Yea
Jeff Hurd	R	CO-3	Yea
Lauren Boebert	R	CO-4	Yea
Jeff Crank	R	CO-5	Yea
Jason Crow	D	CO-6	Yea
Brittany Pettersen	D	CO-7	Yea
Gabe Evans	R	CO-8	Yea
John Larson	D	CT-1	Yea
Joe Courtney	D	CT-2	Yea
Rosa DeLauro	D	CT-3	Yea
Jim Himes	D	CT-4	Yea
Jahana Hayes	D	CT-5	Yea
Sarah McBride	D	DE-AL	Yea
Jimmy Patronis	R	FL-1	Yea
Maxwell Frost	D	FL-10	Nay
Daniel Webster	R	FL-11	Yea
Gus Bilirakis	R	FL-12	Yea
Anna Luna	R	FL-13	Yea
Kathy Castor	D	FL-14	Yea
Laurel Lee	R	FL-15	Yea
Vern Buchanan	R	FL-16	Not Voting
W. Steube	R	FL-17	Yea
C. Franklin	R	FL-18	Yea
Byron Donalds	R	FL-19	Yea
Neal Dunn	R	FL-2	Yea
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick	D	FL-20	Yea
Brian Mast	R	FL-21	Yea
Lois Frankel	D	FL-22	Not Voting
Jared Moskowitz	D	FL-23	Yea
Frederica Wilson	D	FL-24	Not Voting
Debbie Wasserman Schultz	D	FL-25	Yea
Mario Diaz-Balart	R	FL-26	Yea
Maria Salazar	R	FL-27	Not Voting
Carlos Gimenez	R	FL-28	Yea
Kat Cammack	R	FL-3	Yea
Aaron Bean	R	FL-4	Yea
John Rutherford	R	FL-5	Yea
Randy Fine	R	FL-6	Yea
Cory Mills	R	FL-7	Yea
Mike Haridopolos	R	FL-8	Yea
Darren Soto	D	FL-9	Yea
Buddy Carter	R	GA-1	Yea
Mike Collins	R	GA-10	Yea
Barry Loudermilk	R	GA-11	Yea
Rick Allen	R	GA-12	Yea
David Scott	D	GA-13	Yea
Marjorie Greene	R	GA-14	Yea
Sanford Bishop	D	GA-2	Yea
Brian Jack	R	GA-3	Yea
Hank Johnson	D	GA-4	Yea
Nikema Williams	D	GA-5	Yea
Lucy McBath	D	GA-6	Yea
Rich McCormick	R	GA-7	Yea
Austin Scott	R	GA-8	Yea
Andrew Clyde	R	GA-9	Yea
Ed Case	D	HI-1	Yea
Jill Tokuda	D	HI-2	Yea
Mariannette Miller-Meeks	R	IA-1	Yea
Ashley Hinson	R	IA-2	Yea
Zachary (Zach) Nunn	R	IA-3	Yea
Randy Feenstra	R	IA-4	Yea
Russ Fulcher	R	ID-1	Yea
Mike Simpson	R	ID-2	Yea
Jonathan Jackson	D	IL-1	Yea
Brad Schneider	D	IL-10	Yea
Bill Foster	D	IL-11	Yea
Mike Bost	R	IL-12	Yea
Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski	D	IL-13	Yea
Lauren Underwood	D	IL-14	Yea
Mary Miller	R	IL-15	Yea
Darin LaHood	R	IL-16	Yea
Eric Sorensen	D	IL-17	Yea
Robin Kelly	D	IL-2	Yea
Delia Ramirez	D	IL-3	Nay
Chuy García	D	IL-4	Nay
Mike Quigley	D	IL-5	Yea
Sean Casten	D	IL-6	Yea
Danny Davis	D	IL-7	Yea
Raja Krishnamoorthi	D	IL-8	Yea
Jan Schakowsky	D	IL-9	Yea
Frank Mrvan	D	IN-1	Yea
Rudy Yakym	R	IN-2	Yea
Marlin Stutzman	R	IN-3	Yea
James Baird	R	IN-4	Yea
Victoria Spartz	R	IN-5	Yea
Jefferson Shreve	R	IN-6	Yea
André Carson	D	IN-7	Yea
Mark Messmer	R	IN-8	Yea
Erin Houchin	R	IN-9	Yea
Tracey Mann	R	KS-1	Yea
Derek Schmidt	R	KS-2	Yea
Sharice Davids	D	KS-3	Yea
Ron Estes	R	KS-4	Yea
James Comer	R	KY-1	Yea
Brett Guthrie	R	KY-2	Yea
Morgan McGarvey	D	KY-3	Yea
Thomas Massie	R	KY-4	Yea
Hal Rogers	R	KY-5	Yea
Andy Barr	R	KY-6	Not Voting
Steve Scalise	R	LA-1	Yea
Troy Carter	D	LA-2	Yea
Clay Higgins	R	LA-3	Yea
Mike Johnson	R	LA-4	Yea
Julia Letlow	R	LA-5	Yea
Cleo Fields	D	LA-6	Yea
Richard Neal	D	MA-1	Yea
Jim McGovern	D	MA-2	Nay
Lori Trahan	D	MA-3	Yea
Jake Auchincloss	D	MA-4	Yea
Katherine Clark	D	MA-5	Yea
Seth Moulton	D	MA-6	Yea
Ayanna Pressley	D	MA-7	Nay
Stephen Lynch	D	MA-8	Yea
William Keating	D	MA-9	Yea
Andy Harris	R	MD-1	Yea
Johnny Olszewski	D	MD-2	Yea
Sarah Elfreth	D	MD-3	Yea
Glenn Ivey	D	MD-4	Yea
Steny Hoyer	D	MD-5	Not Voting
April McClain Delaney	D	MD-6	Yea
Kweisi Mfume	D	MD-7	Yea
Jamie Raskin	D	MD-8	Yea
Chellie Pingree	D	ME-1	Yea
Jared Golden	D	ME-2	Yea
Jack Bergman	R	MI-1	Yea
John James	R	MI-10	Not Voting
Haley Stevens	D	MI-11	Yea
Rashida Tlaib	D	MI-12	Nay
Shri Thanedar	D	MI-13	Yea
John Moolenaar	R	MI-2	Yea
Hillary Scholten	D	MI-3	Yea
Bill Huizenga	R	MI-4	Yea
Tim Walberg	R	MI-5	Yea
Debbie Dingell	D	MI-6	Yea
Tom Barrett	R	MI-7	Yea
Kristen McDonald Rivet	D	MI-8	Yea
Lisa McClain	R	MI-9	Yea
Brad Finstad	R	MN-1	Yea
Angie Craig	D	MN-2	Yea
Kelly Morrison	D	MN-3	Yea
Betty McCollum	D	MN-4	Yea
Ilhan Omar	D	MN-5	Nay
Tom Emmer	R	MN-6	Yea
Michelle Fischbach	R	MN-7	Yea
Pete Stauber	R	MN-8	Yea
Wesley Bell	D	MO-1	Yea
Ann Wagner	R	MO-2	Yea
Robert Onder	R	MO-3	Yea
Mark Alford	R	MO-4	Yea
Emanuel Cleaver	D	MO-5	Yea
Sam Graves	R	MO-6	Yea
Eric Burlison	R	MO-7	Yea
Jason Smith	R	MO-8	Yea
Trent Kelly	R	MS-1	Yea
Bennie Thompson	D	MS-2	Yea
Michael Guest	R	MS-3	Yea
Mike Ezell	R	MS-4	Yea
Ryan Zinke	R	MT-1	Yea
Troy Downing	R	MT-2	Yea
Donald Davis	D	NC-1	Yea
Pat Harrigan	R	NC-10	Yea
Charles (Chuck) Edwards	R	NC-11	Yea
Alma Adams	D	NC-12	Yea
Brad Knott	R	NC-13	Yea
Tim Moore	R	NC-14	Yea
Deborah Ross	D	NC-2	Yea
Gregory Murphy	R	NC-3	Yea
Valerie Foushee	D	NC-4	Yea
Virginia Foxx	R	NC-5	Yea
Addison McDowell	R	NC-6	Yea
David Rouzer	R	NC-7	Yea
Mark Harris	R	NC-8	Yea
Richard Hudson	R	NC-9	Yea
Julie Fedorchak	R	ND-AL	Yea
Mike Flood	R	NE-1	Yea
Don Bacon	R	NE-2	Yea
Adrian Smith	R	NE-3	Yea
Chris Pappas	D	NH-1	Yea
Maggie Goodlander	D	NH-2	Yea
Donald Norcross	D	NJ-1	Yea
LaMonica McIver	D	NJ-10	Yea
Mikie Sherrill	D	NJ-11	Not Voting
Bonnie Watson Coleman	D	NJ-12	Yea
Jefferson Van Drew	R	NJ-2	Yea
Herbert Conaway	D	NJ-3	Yea
Chris Smith	R	NJ-4	Yea
Josh Gottheimer	D	NJ-5	Yea
Frank Pallone	D	NJ-6	Yea
Thomas Kean	R	NJ-7	Yea
Robert Menendez	D	NJ-8	Yea
Nellie Pou	D	NJ-9	Yea
Melanie Stansbury	D	NM-1	Yea
Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez	D	NM-2	Yea
Teresa Leger Fernandez	D	NM-3	Yea
Dina Titus	D	NV-1	Not Voting
Mark Amodei	R	NV-2	Yea
Susie Lee	D	NV-3	Yea
Steven Horsford	D	NV-4	Yea
Nicolas LaLota	R	NY-1	Yea
Dan Goldman	D	NY-10	Yea
Nicole Malliotakis	R	NY-11	Yea
Jerrold Nadler	D	NY-12	Not Voting
Adriano Espaillat	D	NY-13	Yea
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez	D	NY-14	Nay
Ritchie Torres	D	NY-15	Yea
George Latimer	D	NY-16	Yea
Michael Lawler	R	NY-17	Yea
Patrick Ryan	D	NY-18	Yea
Josh Riley	D	NY-19	Yea
Andrew Garbarino	R	NY-2	Yea
Paul Tonko	D	NY-20	Yea
Elise Stefanik	R	NY-21	Yea
John Mannion	D	NY-22	Yea
Nicholas Langworthy	R	NY-23	Yea
Claudia Tenney	R	NY-24	Yea
Joseph Morelle	D	NY-25	Yea
Timothy Kennedy	D	NY-26	Yea
Thomas Suozzi	D	NY-3	Yea
Laura Gillen	D	NY-4	Yea
Gregory Meeks	D	NY-5	Yea
Grace Meng	D	NY-6	Yea
Nydia Velázquez	D	NY-7	Yea
Hakeem Jeffries	D	NY-8	Yea
Yvette Clarke	D	NY-9	Yea
Greg Landsman	D	OH-1	Yea
Michael Turner	R	OH-10	Yea
Shontel Brown	D	OH-11	Yea
Troy Balderson	R	OH-12	Yea
Emilia Sykes	D	OH-13	Yea
David Joyce	R	OH-14	Yea
Mike Carey	R	OH-15	Yea
David Taylor	R	OH-2	Yea
Joyce Beatty	D	OH-3	Not Voting
Jim Jordan	R	OH-4	Yea
Robert Latta	R	OH-5	Yea
Michael Rulli	R	OH-6	Yea
Max Miller	R	OH-7	Yea
Warren Davidson	R	OH-8	Not Voting
Marcy Kaptur	D	OH-9	Yea
Kevin Hern	R	OK-1	Yea
Josh Brecheen	R	OK-2	Not Voting
Frank Lucas	R	OK-3	Yea
Tom Cole	R	OK-4	Yea
Stephanie Bice	R	OK-5	Yea
Suzanne Bonamici	D	OR-1	Yea
Cliff Bentz	R	OR-2	Yea
Maxine Dexter	D	OR-3	Nay
Valerie Hoyle	D	OR-4	Yea
Janelle Bynum	D	OR-5	Yea
Andrea Salinas	D	OR-6	Yea
Brian Fitzpatrick	R	PA-1	Yea
Scott Perry	R	PA-10	Yea
Lloyd Smucker	R	PA-11	Yea
Summer Lee	D	PA-12	Nay
John Joyce	R	PA-13	Yea
Guy Reschenthaler	R	PA-14	Yea
Glenn Thompson	R	PA-15	Yea
Mike Kelly	R	PA-16	Yea
Chris Deluzio	D	PA-17	Yea
Brendan Boyle	D	PA-2	Not Voting
Dwight Evans	D	PA-3	Not Voting
Madeleine Dean	D	PA-4	Yea
Mary Scanlon	D	PA-5	Yea
Chrissy Houlahan	D	PA-6	Yea
Ryan Mackenzie	R	PA-7	Yea
Robert Bresnahan	R	PA-8	Yea
Daniel Meuser	R	PA-9	Yea
Gabe Amo	D	RI-1	Yea
Seth Magaziner	D	RI-2	Yea
Nancy Mace	R	SC-1	Yea
Joe Wilson	R	SC-2	Not Voting
Sheri Biggs	R	SC-3	Yea
William Timmons	R	SC-4	Yea
Ralph Norman	R	SC-5	Yea
Jim Clyburn	D	SC-6	Yea
Russell Fry	R	SC-7	Yea
Dusty Johnson	R	SD-AL	Yea
Diana Harshbarger	R	TN-1	Yea
Tim Burchett	R	TN-2	Yea
Chuck Fleischmann	R	TN-3	Yea
Scott DesJarlais	R	TN-4	Yea
Andrew Ogles	R	TN-5	Yea
John Rose	R	TN-6	Yea
Mark Green	R	TN-7	Yea
David Kustoff	R	TN-8	Yea
Steve Cohen	D	TN-9	Yea
Nathaniel Moran	R	TX-1	Yea
Michael McCaul	R	TX-10	Yea
August Pfluger	R	TX-11	Yea
Craig Goldman	R	TX-12	Yea
Ronny Jackson	R	TX-13	Yea
Randy Weber	R	TX-14	Yea
Mónica De La Cruz	R	TX-15	Yea
Veronica Escobar	D	TX-16	Yea
Pete Sessions	R	TX-17	Yea
Jodey Arrington	R	TX-19	Yea
Dan Crenshaw	R	TX-2	Yea
Joaquin Castro	D	TX-20	Yea
Chip Roy	R	TX-21	Yea
Troy Nehls	R	TX-22	Yea
Tony Gonzales	R	TX-23	Yea
Beth Van Duyne	R	TX-24	Yea
Roger Williams	R	TX-25	Yea
Brandon Gill	R	TX-26	Yea
Michael Cloud	R	TX-27	Yea
Henry Cuellar	D	TX-28	Yea
Sylvia Garcia	D	TX-29	Yea
Keith Self	R	TX-3	Yea
Jasmine Crockett	D	TX-30	Yea
John Carter	R	TX-31	Yea
Julie Johnson	D	TX-32	Yea
Marc Veasey	D	TX-33	Yea
Vicente Gonzalez	D	TX-34	Not Voting
Gregorio Casar	D	TX-35	Nay
Brian Babin	R	TX-36	Yea
Lloyd Doggett	D	TX-37	Yea
Wesley Hunt	R	TX-38	Not Voting
Pat Fallon	R	TX-4	Yea
Lance Gooden	R	TX-5	Yea
Jake Ellzey	R	TX-6	Yea
Lizzie Fletcher	D	TX-7	Yea
Morgan Luttrell	R	TX-8	Yea
Al Green	D	TX-9	Yea
Blake Moore	R	UT-1	Yea
Celeste Maloy	R	UT-2	Yea
Mike Kennedy	R	UT-3	Yea
Burgess Owens	R	UT-4	Yea
Robert Wittman	R	VA-1	Yea
Suhas Subramanyam	D	VA-10	Yea
Jennifer Kiggans	R	VA-2	Yea
Bobby Scott	D	VA-3	Yea
Jennifer McClellan	D	VA-4	Yea
John McGuire	R	VA-5	Yea
Ben Cline	R	VA-6	Yea
Eugene Vindman	D	VA-7	Yea
Donald Beyer	D	VA-8	Yea
H. Griffith	R	VA-9	Yea
Becca Balint	D	VT-AL	Yea
Suzan DelBene	D	WA-1	Yea
Marilyn Strickland	D	WA-10	Yea
Rick Larsen	D	WA-2	Yea
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez	D	WA-3	Yea
Dan Newhouse	R	WA-4	Yea
Michael Baumgartner	R	WA-5	Yea
Emily Randall	D	WA-6	Yea
Pramila Jayapal	D	WA-7	Nay
Kim Schrier	D	WA-8	Yea
Adam Smith	D	WA-9	Yea
Bryan Steil	R	WI-1	Yea
Mark Pocan	D	WI-2	Yea
Derrick Van Orden	R	WI-3	Yea
Gwen Moore	D	WI-4	Yea
Scott Fitzgerald	R	WI-5	Yea
Glenn Grothman	R	WI-6	Yea
Thomas Tiffany	R	WI-7	Yea
Tony Wied	R	WI-8	Yea
Carol Miller	R	WV-1	Yea
Riley Moore	R	WV-2	Yea
Harriet Hageman	R	WY-AL	Yea

Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act

Votes to become law

Final vote · House · Jun 23, 2025