JUDGES Act of 2025

Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2025 or the JUDGES Act of 2025

This bill creates 64 U.S. district court judgeships—63 permanent and 1 temporary—and expands the jurisdictional coverage of two district courts.

Specifically, the bill creates 63 new permanent judgeships across 14 states over a 10-year period beginning in 2025. The state and total number of judgeships added over the 10-year period are as follows:

• Arizona (1),
• California (20),
• Colorado (2),
• Delaware (2),
• Florida (9),
• Georgia (2),
• Idaho (1),
• Indiana (1),
• Iowa (1),
• Nebraska (1),
• New Jersey (3),
• New York (5),
• Oklahoma (2), and
• Texas (13).

Additionally, the bill creates one temporary judgeship in the Eastern District of Oklahoma in 2025.

Finally, the bill adds locations where court must be held in two district courts—one in California and one in Texas. Specifically, the bill adds College Station to the list of places where court must be held in the Houston Division of the Southern District of Texas. Also, the bill adds El Centro to the list of places where court must be held in the Southern District of California.

The bill directs the Government Accountability Office to submit reports to Congress on judicial caseloads and detention space.

The bill also directs the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts to make available on its website the biennial report by the Judicial Conference of the United States on judgeship recommendations.

Written by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. All summary versions on Congress.gov