Equal Representation Act

Key: what the circles and colors mean

Each circle is a bill. The ring fills as it moves through Congress:

IntroducedPassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law (gold)Resolution agreed to (full, dark)Failed or vetoed (gray)

Under the number: the Yea · Nay count of its final (or latest) recorded vote. On a member's page, the small badge is how that member voted: Y Yea / Aye, N Nay / No, P Present, – Not voting.

Gold and violet are only for Yea and Nay; they never mean a party. A member's party is the letter on their photo.

R (Chuck) EdwardsSponsor

114 cosponsors · 114 R

1 signed on when it was introduced; the rest joined later. Cosponsors who withdrew aren't shown.

House Introduced Jan 29, 2024
House Passed May 8, 2024 206–202

This bill requires any questionnaire used in the decennial census to include a checkbox or other similar option for respondents to indicate whether the respondent and each household member is a U.S. citizen.

What it does: CRS summary · Passed House · May 8, 2024

Equal Representation Act

The Department of Commerce must make public the number of citizens and noncitizens in each state.

The bill also requires that the statement sent by the President to Congress indicating the number of persons in each state (related to the reapportionment of U.S. Representatives) exclude noncitizens.

Written by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. All summary versions on Congress.gov

Votes to become law

House · Passed May 8, 2024 · 206 Yea – 202 Nay Passage Speaker: Mike Johnson

About this bill and sources

Official title: Equal Representation Act

Latest action (May 14, 2024): Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 386.

Policy area: Government Operations and Politics · Origin: House · Introduced: Jan 29, 2024

Official page on Congress.gov · Bill text (GovInfo) · Status record (XML) · Embed in your story

House Introduced Jan 29, 2024
House Passed May 8, 2024 206–202

Final vote · House · May 8, 2024

Passage — Passed. Vote details

Speaker of the House: Mike Johnson

Yea206

R McMorris Rodgers BS

Nay202

D Cherfilus-McCormick LF

D Frankel JM

D Moskowitz FW

D Wilson DW

D Wasserman Schultz DS

D (Nikki) Budzinski LU

D Gluesenkamp Perez DK

Table of every position

Member	Party at vote	Seat	Position
Mary Peltola	D	AK-AL	Nay
Jerry Carl	R	AL-1	Yea
Barry Moore	R	AL-2	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	AL-3	Yea
Robert Aderholt	R	AL-4	Yea
Dale Strong	R	AL-5	Yea
Gary Palmer	R	AL-6	Yea
Terri Sewell	D	AL-7	Nay
Rick Crawford	R	AR-1	Yea
J. Hill	R	AR-2	Yea
Steve Womack	R	AR-3	Yea
Bruce Westerman	R	AR-4	Yea
David Schweikert	R	AZ-1	Yea
Eli Crane	R	AZ-2	Yea
Ruben Gallego	D	AZ-3	Nay
Greg Stanton	D	AZ-4	Nay
Andy Biggs	R	AZ-5	Yea
Juan Ciscomani	R	AZ-6	Yea
Raúl Grijalva	D	AZ-7	Not Voting
Debbie Lesko	R	AZ-8	Yea
Paul Gosar	R	AZ-9	Yea
Doug LaMalfa	R	CA-1	Not Voting
Mark DeSaulnier	D	CA-10	Nay
Nancy Pelosi	D	CA-11	Nay
Barbara Lee	D	CA-12	Nay
John Duarte	R	CA-13	Yea
Eric Swalwell	D	CA-14	Nay
Kevin Mullin	D	CA-15	Nay
Anna Eshoo	D	CA-16	Nay
Ro Khanna	D	CA-17	Nay
Zoe Lofgren	D	CA-18	Nay
Jimmy Panetta	D	CA-19	Nay
Jared Huffman	D	CA-2	Nay
Jim Costa	D	CA-21	Nay
David Valadao	R	CA-22	Yea
Jay Obernolte	R	CA-23	Yea
Salud Carbajal	D	CA-24	Nay
Raul Ruiz	D	CA-25	Nay
Julia Brownley	D	CA-26	Nay
Mike Garcia	R	CA-27	Yea
Judy Chu	D	CA-28	Nay
Tony Cárdenas	D	CA-29	Nay
Kevin Kiley	R	CA-3	Yea
Adam Schiff	D	CA-30	Nay
Grace Napolitano	D	CA-31	Nay
Brad Sherman	D	CA-32	Nay
Pete Aguilar	D	CA-33	Nay
Jimmy Gomez	D	CA-34	Nay
Norma Torres	D	CA-35	Nay
Ted Lieu	D	CA-36	Nay
Sydney Kamlager-Dove	D	CA-37	Nay
Linda Sánchez	D	CA-38	Nay
Mark Takano	D	CA-39	Nay
Mike Thompson	D	CA-4	Nay
Young Kim	R	CA-40	Yea
Ken Calvert	R	CA-41	Yea
Robert Garcia	D	CA-42	Nay
Maxine Waters	D	CA-43	Nay
Nanette Barragán	D	CA-44	Nay
Michelle Steel	R	CA-45	Yea
J. Correa	D	CA-46	Nay
Katie Porter	D	CA-47	Nay
Darrell Issa	R	CA-48	Yea
Mike Levin	D	CA-49	Nay
Tom McClintock	R	CA-5	Yea
Scott Peters	D	CA-50	Nay
Sara Jacobs	D	CA-51	Not Voting
Juan Vargas	D	CA-52	Nay
Ami Bera	D	CA-6	Nay
Doris Matsui	D	CA-7	Nay
John Garamendi	D	CA-8	Nay
Josh Harder	D	CA-9	Nay
Diana DeGette	D	CO-1	Nay
Joe Neguse	D	CO-2	Nay
Lauren Boebert	R	CO-3	Yea
Doug Lamborn	R	CO-5	Yea
Jason Crow	D	CO-6	Nay
Brittany Pettersen	D	CO-7	Nay
Yadira Caraveo	D	CO-8	Nay
John Larson	D	CT-1	Nay
Joe Courtney	D	CT-2	Nay
Rosa DeLauro	D	CT-3	Nay
Jim Himes	D	CT-4	Nay
Jahana Hayes	D	CT-5	Nay
Lisa Blunt Rochester	D	DE-AL	Nay
Matt Gaetz	R	FL-1	Yea
Maxwell Frost	D	FL-10	Nay
Daniel Webster	R	FL-11	Yea
Gus Bilirakis	R	FL-12	Yea
Anna Luna	R	FL-13	Not Voting
Kathy Castor	D	FL-14	Nay
Laurel Lee	R	FL-15	Yea
Vern Buchanan	R	FL-16	Yea
W. Steube	R	FL-17	Yea
C. Franklin	R	FL-18	Yea
Byron Donalds	R	FL-19	Yea
Neal Dunn	R	FL-2	Yea
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick	D	FL-20	Nay
Brian Mast	R	FL-21	Yea
Lois Frankel	D	FL-22	Nay
Jared Moskowitz	D	FL-23	Nay
Frederica Wilson	D	FL-24	Nay
Debbie Wasserman Schultz	D	FL-25	Nay
Mario Diaz-Balart	R	FL-26	Yea
Maria Salazar	R	FL-27	Yea
Carlos Gimenez	R	FL-28	Yea
Kat Cammack	R	FL-3	Yea
Aaron Bean	R	FL-4	Yea
John Rutherford	R	FL-5	Yea
Michael Waltz	R	FL-6	Yea
Cory Mills	R	FL-7	Yea
Bill Posey	R	FL-8	Yea
Darren Soto	D	FL-9	Nay
Buddy Carter	R	GA-1	Yea
Mike Collins	R	GA-10	Yea
Barry Loudermilk	R	GA-11	Yea
Rick Allen	R	GA-12	Yea
David Scott	D	GA-13	Nay
Marjorie Greene	R	GA-14	Yea
Sanford Bishop	D	GA-2	Nay
A. Ferguson	R	GA-3	Yea
Hank Johnson	D	GA-4	Nay
Nikema Williams	D	GA-5	Nay
Rich McCormick	R	GA-6	Yea
Lucy McBath	D	GA-7	Nay
Austin Scott	R	GA-8	Yea
Andrew Clyde	R	GA-9	Yea
Ed Case	D	HI-1	Nay
Jill Tokuda	D	HI-2	Not Voting
Mariannette Miller-Meeks	R	IA-1	Yea
Ashley Hinson	R	IA-2	Yea
Zachary (Zach) Nunn	R	IA-3	Yea
Randy Feenstra	R	IA-4	Yea
Russ Fulcher	R	ID-1	Yea
Mike Simpson	R	ID-2	Yea
Jonathan Jackson	D	IL-1	Nay
Brad Schneider	D	IL-10	Nay
Bill Foster	D	IL-11	Nay
Mike Bost	R	IL-12	Yea
Nicole (Nikki) Budzinski	D	IL-13	Nay
Lauren Underwood	D	IL-14	Nay
Mary Miller	R	IL-15	Yea
Darin LaHood	R	IL-16	Yea
Eric Sorensen	D	IL-17	Nay
Robin Kelly	D	IL-2	Nay
Delia Ramirez	D	IL-3	Nay
Chuy García	D	IL-4	Nay
Mike Quigley	D	IL-5	Nay
Sean Casten	D	IL-6	Nay
Danny Davis	D	IL-7	Nay
Raja Krishnamoorthi	D	IL-8	Not Voting
Jan Schakowsky	D	IL-9	Nay
Frank Mrvan	D	IN-1	Nay
Rudy Yakym	R	IN-2	Yea
Jim Banks	R	IN-3	Not Voting
James Baird	R	IN-4	Yea
Victoria Spartz	R	IN-5	Yea
Greg Pence	R	IN-6	Yea
André Carson	D	IN-7	Not Voting
Larry Bucshon	R	IN-8	Yea
Erin Houchin	R	IN-9	Yea
Tracey Mann	R	KS-1	Yea
Jake LaTurner	R	KS-2	Yea
Sharice Davids	D	KS-3	Nay
Ron Estes	R	KS-4	Yea
James Comer	R	KY-1	Yea
Brett Guthrie	R	KY-2	Yea
Morgan McGarvey	D	KY-3	Nay
Thomas Massie	R	KY-4	Yea
Hal Rogers	R	KY-5	Yea
Andy Barr	R	KY-6	Yea
Steve Scalise	R	LA-1	Yea
Troy Carter	D	LA-2	Nay
Clay Higgins	R	LA-3	Yea
Mike Johnson	R	LA-4	Yea
Julia Letlow	R	LA-5	Yea
Garret Graves	R	LA-6	Yea
Richard Neal	D	MA-1	Nay
Jim McGovern	D	MA-2	Nay
Lori Trahan	D	MA-3	Nay
Jake Auchincloss	D	MA-4	Nay
Katherine Clark	D	MA-5	Nay
Seth Moulton	D	MA-6	Nay
Ayanna Pressley	D	MA-7	Nay
Stephen Lynch	D	MA-8	Nay
William Keating	D	MA-9	Nay
Andy Harris	R	MD-1	Yea
C. Ruppersberger	D	MD-2	Nay
John Sarbanes	D	MD-3	Nay
Glenn Ivey	D	MD-4	Nay
Steny Hoyer	D	MD-5	Nay
David Trone	D	MD-6	Nay
Kweisi Mfume	D	MD-7	Nay
Jamie Raskin	D	MD-8	Nay
Chellie Pingree	D	ME-1	Nay
Jared Golden	D	ME-2	Nay
Jack Bergman	R	MI-1	Yea
John James	R	MI-10	Yea
Haley Stevens	D	MI-11	Nay
Rashida Tlaib	D	MI-12	Nay
Shri Thanedar	D	MI-13	Nay
John Moolenaar	R	MI-2	Yea
Hillary Scholten	D	MI-3	Nay
Bill Huizenga	R	MI-4	Yea
Tim Walberg	R	MI-5	Yea
Debbie Dingell	D	MI-6	Nay
Elissa Slotkin	D	MI-7	Nay
Daniel Kildee	D	MI-8	Nay
Lisa McClain	R	MI-9	Yea
Brad Finstad	R	MN-1	Yea
Angie Craig	D	MN-2	Nay
Dean Phillips	D	MN-3	Nay
Betty McCollum	D	MN-4	Nay
Ilhan Omar	D	MN-5	Nay
Tom Emmer	R	MN-6	Yea
Michelle Fischbach	R	MN-7	Yea
Pete Stauber	R	MN-8	Yea
Cori Bush	D	MO-1	Nay
Ann Wagner	R	MO-2	Yea
Blaine Luetkemeyer	R	MO-3	Yea
Mark Alford	R	MO-4	Yea
Emanuel Cleaver	D	MO-5	Not Voting
Sam Graves	R	MO-6	Yea
Eric Burlison	R	MO-7	Yea
Jason Smith	R	MO-8	Yea
Trent Kelly	R	MS-1	Yea
Bennie Thompson	D	MS-2	Not Voting
Michael Guest	R	MS-3	Yea
Mike Ezell	R	MS-4	Yea
Ryan Zinke	R	MT-1	Yea
Matthew Rosendale	R	MT-2	Yea
Donald Davis	D	NC-1	Nay
Patrick McHenry	R	NC-10	Not Voting
Charles (Chuck) Edwards	R	NC-11	Yea
Alma Adams	D	NC-12	Nay
Wiley Nickel	D	NC-13	Nay
Jeffrey Jackson	D	NC-14	Nay
Deborah Ross	D	NC-2	Nay
Gregory Murphy	R	NC-3	Not Voting
Valerie Foushee	D	NC-4	Not Voting
Virginia Foxx	R	NC-5	Yea
Kathy Manning	D	NC-6	Nay
David Rouzer	R	NC-7	Yea
Dan Bishop	R	NC-8	Yea
Richard Hudson	R	NC-9	Yea
Kelly Armstrong	R	ND-AL	Yea
Mike Flood	R	NE-1	Yea
Don Bacon	R	NE-2	Yea
Adrian Smith	R	NE-3	Yea
Chris Pappas	D	NH-1	Nay
Ann Kuster	D	NH-2	Nay
Donald Norcross	D	NJ-1	Nay
Mikie Sherrill	D	NJ-11	Nay
Bonnie Watson Coleman	D	NJ-12	Nay
Jefferson Van Drew	R	NJ-2	Yea
Andy Kim	D	NJ-3	Nay
Chris Smith	R	NJ-4	Yea
Josh Gottheimer	D	NJ-5	Nay
Frank Pallone	D	NJ-6	Nay
Thomas Kean	R	NJ-7	Yea
Robert Menendez	D	NJ-8	Nay
Bill Pascrell	D	NJ-9	Nay
Melanie Stansbury	D	NM-1	Nay
Gabriel (Gabe) Vasquez	D	NM-2	Nay
Teresa Leger Fernandez	D	NM-3	Nay
Dina Titus	D	NV-1	Nay
Mark Amodei	R	NV-2	Yea
Susie Lee	D	NV-3	Nay
Steven Horsford	D	NV-4	Nay
Nicolas LaLota	R	NY-1	Yea
Dan Goldman	D	NY-10	Nay
Nicole Malliotakis	R	NY-11	Yea
Jerrold Nadler	D	NY-12	Nay
Adriano Espaillat	D	NY-13	Nay
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez	D	NY-14	Nay
Ritchie Torres	D	NY-15	Nay
Jamaal Bowman	D	NY-16	Nay
Michael Lawler	R	NY-17	Yea
Patrick Ryan	D	NY-18	Nay
Marcus Molinaro	R	NY-19	Yea
Andrew Garbarino	R	NY-2	Yea
Paul Tonko	D	NY-20	Nay
Elise Stefanik	R	NY-21	Yea
Brandon Williams	R	NY-22	Yea
Nicholas Langworthy	R	NY-23	Yea
Claudia Tenney	R	NY-24	Yea
Joseph Morelle	D	NY-25	Nay
Timothy Kennedy	D	NY-26	Nay
Thomas Suozzi	D	NY-3	Nay
Anthony D'Esposito	R	NY-4	Yea
Gregory Meeks	D	NY-5	Nay
Grace Meng	D	NY-6	Nay
Nydia Velázquez	D	NY-7	Nay
Hakeem Jeffries	D	NY-8	Nay
Yvette Clarke	D	NY-9	Nay
Greg Landsman	D	OH-1	Not Voting
Michael Turner	R	OH-10	Yea
Shontel Brown	D	OH-11	Nay
Troy Balderson	R	OH-12	Yea
Emilia Sykes	D	OH-13	Nay
David Joyce	R	OH-14	Yea
Mike Carey	R	OH-15	Yea
Brad Wenstrup	R	OH-2	Yea
Joyce Beatty	D	OH-3	Nay
Jim Jordan	R	OH-4	Yea
Robert Latta	R	OH-5	Yea
Max Miller	R	OH-7	Yea
Warren Davidson	R	OH-8	Yea
Marcy Kaptur	D	OH-9	Nay
Kevin Hern	R	OK-1	Yea
Josh Brecheen	R	OK-2	Yea
Frank Lucas	R	OK-3	Yea
Tom Cole	R	OK-4	Yea
Stephanie Bice	R	OK-5	Yea
Suzanne Bonamici	D	OR-1	Nay
Cliff Bentz	R	OR-2	Yea
Earl Blumenauer	D	OR-3	Nay
Valerie Hoyle	D	OR-4	Nay
Lori Chavez-DeRemer	R	OR-5	Yea
Andrea Salinas	D	OR-6	Nay
Brian Fitzpatrick	R	PA-1	Yea
Scott Perry	R	PA-10	Yea
Lloyd Smucker	R	PA-11	Yea
Summer Lee	D	PA-12	Nay
John Joyce	R	PA-13	Yea
Guy Reschenthaler	R	PA-14	Yea
Glenn Thompson	R	PA-15	Yea
Mike Kelly	R	PA-16	Yea
Chris Deluzio	D	PA-17	Nay
Brendan Boyle	D	PA-2	Nay
Dwight Evans	D	PA-3	Nay
Madeleine Dean	D	PA-4	Nay
Mary Scanlon	D	PA-5	Nay
Chrissy Houlahan	D	PA-6	Nay
Susan Wild	D	PA-7	Nay
Matt Cartwright	D	PA-8	Nay
Daniel Meuser	R	PA-9	Yea
Gabe Amo	D	RI-1	Nay
Seth Magaziner	D	RI-2	Not Voting
Nancy Mace	R	SC-1	Yea
Joe Wilson	R	SC-2	Yea
Jeff Duncan	R	SC-3	Yea
William Timmons	R	SC-4	Yea
Ralph Norman	R	SC-5	Yea
Jim Clyburn	D	SC-6	Nay
Russell Fry	R	SC-7	Yea
Dusty Johnson	R	SD-AL	Yea
Diana Harshbarger	R	TN-1	Yea
Tim Burchett	R	TN-2	Yea
Chuck Fleischmann	R	TN-3	Yea
Scott DesJarlais	R	TN-4	Yea
Andrew Ogles	R	TN-5	Yea
John Rose	R	TN-6	Yea
Mark Green	R	TN-7	Yea
David Kustoff	R	TN-8	Yea
Steve Cohen	D	TN-9	Nay
Nathaniel Moran	R	TX-1	Yea
Michael McCaul	R	TX-10	Not Voting
August Pfluger	R	TX-11	Yea
Kay Granger	R	TX-12	Not Voting
Ronny Jackson	R	TX-13	Yea
Randy Weber	R	TX-14	Yea
Mónica De La Cruz	R	TX-15	Yea
Veronica Escobar	D	TX-16	Nay
Pete Sessions	R	TX-17	Not Voting
Sheila Jackson Lee	D	TX-18	Not Voting
Jodey Arrington	R	TX-19	Yea
Dan Crenshaw	R	TX-2	Yea
Joaquin Castro	D	TX-20	Nay
Chip Roy	R	TX-21	Yea
Troy Nehls	R	TX-22	Yea
Tony Gonzales	R	TX-23	Yea
Beth Van Duyne	R	TX-24	Yea
Roger Williams	R	TX-25	Yea
Michael Burgess	R	TX-26	Not Voting
Michael Cloud	R	TX-27	Yea
Henry Cuellar	D	TX-28	Nay
Sylvia Garcia	D	TX-29	Nay
Keith Self	R	TX-3	Yea
Jasmine Crockett	D	TX-30	Nay
John Carter	R	TX-31	Not Voting
Colin Allred	D	TX-32	Nay
Marc Veasey	D	TX-33	Nay
Vicente Gonzalez	D	TX-34	Nay
Gregorio Casar	D	TX-35	Nay
Brian Babin	R	TX-36	Yea
Lloyd Doggett	D	TX-37	Nay
Wesley Hunt	R	TX-38	Yea
Pat Fallon	R	TX-4	Yea
Lance Gooden	R	TX-5	Yea
Jake Ellzey	R	TX-6	Yea
Lizzie Fletcher	D	TX-7	Nay
Morgan Luttrell	R	TX-8	Yea
Al Green	D	TX-9	Nay
Blake Moore	R	UT-1	Yea
Celeste Maloy	R	UT-2	Yea
John Curtis	R	UT-3	Yea
Burgess Owens	R	UT-4	Yea
Robert Wittman	R	VA-1	Yea
Jennifer Wexton	D	VA-10	Nay
Gerald Connolly	D	VA-11	Nay
Jennifer Kiggans	R	VA-2	Yea
Bobby Scott	D	VA-3	Nay
Jennifer McClellan	D	VA-4	Nay
Bob Good	R	VA-5	Yea
Ben Cline	R	VA-6	Yea
Abigail Spanberger	D	VA-7	Nay
Donald Beyer	D	VA-8	Nay
H. Griffith	R	VA-9	Yea
Becca Balint	D	VT-AL	Nay
Suzan DelBene	D	WA-1	Nay
Marilyn Strickland	D	WA-10	Nay
Rick Larsen	D	WA-2	Nay
Marie Gluesenkamp Perez	D	WA-3	Nay
Dan Newhouse	R	WA-4	Yea
Cathy McMorris Rodgers	R	WA-5	Yea
Derek Kilmer	D	WA-6	Nay
Pramila Jayapal	D	WA-7	Nay
Kim Schrier	D	WA-8	Nay
Adam Smith	D	WA-9	Nay
Bryan Steil	R	WI-1	Yea
Mark Pocan	D	WI-2	Nay
Derrick Van Orden	R	WI-3	Yea
Gwen Moore	D	WI-4	Nay
Scott Fitzgerald	R	WI-5	Yea
Glenn Grothman	R	WI-6	Yea
Thomas Tiffany	R	WI-7	Yea
Carol Miller	R	WV-1	Yea
Alexander Mooney	R	WV-2	Yea
Harriet Hageman	R	WY-AL	Not Voting

All recorded votes (2)

Passage Passed
House · May 8, 2024 · “On Passage” · Speaker: Mike Johnson
Sending back to committee (motion to recommit) Failed
House · May 8, 2024 · “On Motion to Recommit” · Speaker: Mike Johnson