Reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States and supporting and encouraging the…

Full title

Reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States and supporting and encouraging the public display of the national motto in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions.

Key: what the circles and colors mean

Each circle is a bill. The ring fills as it moves through Congress:

IntroducedPassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law (gold)Resolution agreed to (full, dark)Failed or vetoed (gray)

Under the number: the Yea · Nay count of its final (or latest) recorded vote. On a member's page, the small badge is how that member voted: Y Yea / Aye, N Nay / No, P Present, – Not voting.

Gold and violet are only for Yea and Nay; they never mean a party. A member's party is the letter on their photo.

R ForbesSponsor

64 cosponsors · 4 D, 60 R

24 signed on when it was introduced; the rest joined later. Cosponsors who withdrew aren't shown.

House Introduced Jan 26, 2011
House Passed Nov 1, 2011 396–9

Reaffirms "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States.

What it does: CRS summary · Passed House without amendment · Nov 1, 2011

(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

Reaffirms "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States.

Encourages its display in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions.

Written by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. All summary versions on Congress.gov

Votes to become law

House · Passed Nov 1, 2011 · 396 Yea – 9 Nay Adoption (two-thirds required) Speaker: John A. Boehner

About this bill and sources

Official title: Reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States and supporting and encouraging the public display of the national motto in all public buildings, public schools, and other government institutions.

Member	Party at vote	Seat	Position
Don Young	R	AK-AL	Yea
Jo Bonner	R	AL-1	Yea
Martha Roby	R	AL-2	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	AL-3	Yea
Robert Aderholt	R	AL-4	Yea
Mo Brooks	R	AL-5	Yea
Spencer Bachus	R	AL-6	Yea
Terri Sewell	D	AL-7	Yea
Rick Crawford	R	AR-1	Yea
Tim Griffin	R	AR-2	Yea
Steve Womack	R	AR-3	Yea
Mike Ross	D	AR-4	Yea
Paul Gosar	R	AZ-1	Yea
Trent Franks	R	AZ-2	Yea
Ben Quayle	R	AZ-3	Yea
Ed Pastor	D	AZ-4	Yea
David Schweikert	R	AZ-5	Yea
Jeff Flake	R	AZ-6	Yea
Raúl Grijalva	D	AZ-7	Yea
Gabrielle Giffords	D	AZ-8	Not Voting
Mike Thompson	D	CA-1	Yea
John Garamendi	D	CA-10	Yea
Jerry McNerney	D	CA-11	Yea
Jackie Speier	D	CA-12	Not Voting
Pete Stark	D	CA-13	Nay
Anna Eshoo	D	CA-14	Yea
Mike Honda	D	CA-15	Nay
Zoe Lofgren	D	CA-16	Yea
Sam Farr	D	CA-17	Yea
Dennis Cardoza	D	CA-18	Yea
Jeff Denham	R	CA-19	Yea
Wally Herger	R	CA-2	Yea
Jim Costa	D	CA-20	Yea
Devin Nunes	R	CA-21	Yea
Kevin McCarthy	R	CA-22	Yea
Lois Capps	D	CA-23	Yea
Elton Gallegly	R	CA-24	Yea
Buck McKeon	R	CA-25	Yea
David Dreier	R	CA-26	Yea
Brad Sherman	D	CA-27	Yea
Howard Berman	D	CA-28	Yea
Adam Schiff	D	CA-29	Yea
Daniel Lungren	R	CA-3	Yea
Henry Waxman	D	CA-30	Yea
Xavier Becerra	D	CA-31	Yea
Judy Chu	D	CA-32	Nay
Karen Bass	D	CA-33	Yea
Lucille Roybal-Allard	D	CA-34	Yea
Maxine Waters	D	CA-35	Yea
Janice Hahn	D	CA-36	Yea
Laura Richardson	D	CA-37	Yea
Grace Napolitano	D	CA-38	Yea
Linda Sánchez	D	CA-39	Yea
Tom McClintock	R	CA-4	Yea
Ed Royce	R	CA-40	Yea
Jerry Lewis	R	CA-41	Yea
Gary Miller	R	CA-42	Yea
Joe Baca	D	CA-43	Yea
Ken Calvert	R	CA-44	Yea
Mary Bono Mack	R	CA-45	Yea
Dana Rohrabacher	R	CA-46	Yea
Loretta Sanchez	D	CA-47	Yea
John Campbell	R	CA-48	Yea
Darrell Issa	R	CA-49	Yea
Doris Matsui	D	CA-5	Yea
Brian Bilbray	R	CA-50	Yea
Bob Filner	D	CA-51	Not Voting
Duncan Hunter	R	CA-52	Yea
Susan Davis	D	CA-53	Yea
Lynn Woolsey	D	CA-6	Yea
George Miller	D	CA-7	Yea
Nancy Pelosi	D	CA-8	Yea
Barbara Lee	D	CA-9	Yea
Diana DeGette	D	CO-1	Yea
Jared Polis	D	CO-2	Yea
Scott Tipton	R	CO-3	Yea
Cory Gardner	R	CO-4	Yea
Doug Lamborn	R	CO-5	Yea
Mike Coffman	R	CO-6	Yea
Ed Perlmutter	D	CO-7	Yea
John Larson	D	CT-1	Yea
Joe Courtney	D	CT-2	Not Voting
Rosa DeLauro	D	CT-3	Not Voting
Jim Himes	D	CT-4	Yea
Christopher Murphy	D	CT-5	Not Voting
John Carney	D	DE-AL	Yea
Jeff Miller	R	FL-1	Yea
C. Young	R	FL-10	Yea
Kathy Castor	D	FL-11	Yea
Dennis Ross	R	FL-12	Yea
Vern Buchanan	R	FL-13	Yea
Connie Mack	R	FL-14	Yea
Bill Posey	R	FL-15	Yea
Thomas Rooney	R	FL-16	Yea
Frederica Wilson	D	FL-17	Yea
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen	R	FL-18	Yea
Ted Deutch	D	FL-19	Yea
Steve Southerland	R	FL-2	Yea
Debbie Wasserman Schultz	D	FL-20	Yea
Mario Diaz-Balart	R	FL-21	Not Voting
Allen West	R	FL-22	Yea
Alcee Hastings	D	FL-23	Yea
Sandy Adams	R	FL-24	Yea
David Rivera	R	FL-25	Yea
Corrine Brown	D	FL-3	Yea
Ander Crenshaw	R	FL-4	Yea
Richard Nugent	R	FL-5	Yea
Cliff Stearns	R	FL-6	Yea
John Mica	R	FL-7	Yea
Daniel Webster	R	FL-8	Yea
Gus Bilirakis	R	FL-9	Yea
Jack Kingston	R	GA-1	Yea
Paul Broun	R	GA-10	Yea
Phil Gingrey	R	GA-11	Yea
John Barrow	D	GA-12	Yea
David Scott	D	GA-13	Yea
Sanford Bishop	D	GA-2	Not Voting
Lynn Westmoreland	R	GA-3	Yea
Hank Johnson	D	GA-4	Nay
John Lewis	D	GA-5	Not Voting
Tom Price	R	GA-6	Yea
Rob Woodall	R	GA-7	Yea
Austin Scott	R	GA-8	Yea
Tom Graves	R	GA-9	Yea
Colleen Hanabusa	D	HI-1	Yea
Mazie Hirono	D	HI-2	Yea
Bruce Braley	D	IA-1	Yea
David Loebsack	D	IA-2	Yea
Leonard Boswell	D	IA-3	Yea
Tom Latham	R	IA-4	Yea
Steve King	R	IA-5	Yea
Raúl Labrador	R	ID-1	Yea
Mike Simpson	R	ID-2	Yea
Bobby Rush	D	IL-1	Not Voting
Bob Dold	R	IL-10	Yea
Adam Kinzinger	R	IL-11	Yea
Jerry Costello	D	IL-12	Not Voting
Judy Biggert	R	IL-13	Yea
Randy Hultgren	R	IL-14	Yea
Timothy Johnson	R	IL-15	Yea
Donald Manzullo	R	IL-16	Yea
Bobby Schilling	R	IL-17	Yea
Aaron Schock	R	IL-18	Yea
John Shimkus	R	IL-19	Yea
Jesse Jackson	D	IL-2	Yea
Daniel Lipinski	D	IL-3	Yea
Luis Gutiérrez	D	IL-4	Not Voting
Mike Quigley	D	IL-5	Yea
Peter Roskam	R	IL-6	Yea
Danny Davis	D	IL-7	Yea
Joe Walsh	R	IL-8	Yea
Jan Schakowsky	D	IL-9	Yea
Peter Visclosky	D	IN-1	Yea
Joe Donnelly	D	IN-2	Yea
Marlin Stutzman	R	IN-3	Yea
Todd Rokita	R	IN-4	Yea
Dan Burton	R	IN-5	Yea
Mike Pence	R	IN-6	Yea
André Carson	D	IN-7	Not Voting
Larry Bucshon	R	IN-8	Yea
Todd Young	R	IN-9	Yea
Tim Huelskamp	R	KS-1	Yea
Lynn Jenkins	R	KS-2	Yea
Kevin Yoder	R	KS-3	Yea
Mike Pompeo	R	KS-4	Yea
Ed Whitfield	R	KY-1	Yea
Brett Guthrie	R	KY-2	Yea
John Yarmuth	D	KY-3	Yea
Geoff Davis	R	KY-4	Yea
Hal Rogers	R	KY-5	Yea
Ben Chandler	D	KY-6	Yea
Steve Scalise	R	LA-1	Yea
Cedric Richmond	D	LA-2	Not Voting
Jeff Landry	R	LA-3	Yea
John Fleming	R	LA-4	Yea
Rodney Alexander	R	LA-5	Yea
Bill Cassidy	R	LA-6	Yea
Charles Boustany	R	LA-7	Yea
John Olver	D	MA-1	Yea
William Keating	D	MA-10	Yea
Richard Neal	D	MA-2	Yea
Jim McGovern	D	MA-3	Yea
Barney Frank	D	MA-4	Yea
Niki Tsongas	D	MA-5	Not Voting
John Tierney	D	MA-6	Yea
Ed Markey	D	MA-7	Yea
Michael Capuano	D	MA-8	Yea
Stephen Lynch	D	MA-9	Not Voting
Andy Harris	R	MD-1	Yea
C. Ruppersberger	D	MD-2	Yea
John Sarbanes	D	MD-3	Yea
Donna Edwards	D	MD-4	Yea
Steny Hoyer	D	MD-5	Yea
Roscoe Bartlett	R	MD-6	Yea
Elijah Cummings	D	MD-7	Not Voting
Chris Van Hollen	D	MD-8	Yea
Chellie Pingree	D	ME-1	Yea
Michael Michaud	D	ME-2	Yea
Dan Benishek	R	MI-1	Yea
Candice Miller	R	MI-10	Yea
Thad McCotter	R	MI-11	Yea
Sander Levin	D	MI-12	Yea
Hansen Clarke	D	MI-13	Yea
John Conyers	D	MI-14	Yea
John Dingell	D	MI-15	Yea
Bill Huizenga	R	MI-2	Yea
Justin Amash	R	MI-3	Nay
Dave Camp	R	MI-4	Yea
Dale Kildee	D	MI-5	Yea
Fred Upton	R	MI-6	Yea
Tim Walberg	R	MI-7	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	MI-8	Yea
Gary Peters	D	MI-9	Yea
Timothy Walz	D	MN-1	Yea
John Kline	R	MN-2	Yea
Erik Paulsen	R	MN-3	Yea
Betty McCollum	D	MN-4	Yea
Keith Ellison	D	MN-5	Present
Michele Bachmann	R	MN-6	Not Voting
Collin Peterson	D	MN-7	Yea
Chip Cravaack	R	MN-8	Yea
Wm. Clay	D	MO-1	Yea
W. Akin	R	MO-2	Not Voting
Russ Carnahan	D	MO-3	Yea
Vicky Hartzler	R	MO-4	Yea
Emanuel Cleaver	D	MO-5	Nay
Sam Graves	R	MO-6	Yea
Billy Long	R	MO-7	Yea
Jo Ann Emerson	R	MO-8	Yea
Blaine Luetkemeyer	R	MO-9	Yea
Alan Nunnelee	R	MS-1	Yea
Bennie Thompson	D	MS-2	Not Voting
Gregg Harper	R	MS-3	Yea
Steven Palazzo	R	MS-4	Yea
Denny Rehberg	R	MT-AL	Yea
G.K. Butterfield	D	NC-1	Yea
Patrick McHenry	R	NC-10	Yea
Heath Shuler	D	NC-11	Yea
Mel Watt	D	NC-12	Present
Brad Miller	D	NC-13	Yea
Renee Ellmers	R	NC-2	Yea
Walter Jones	R	NC-3	Yea
David Price	D	NC-4	Yea
Virginia Foxx	R	NC-5	Yea
Howard Coble	R	NC-6	Yea
Mike McIntyre	D	NC-7	Yea
Larry Kissell	D	NC-8	Yea
Sue Myrick	R	NC-9	Yea
Rick Berg	R	ND-AL	Yea
Jeff Fortenberry	R	NE-1	Yea
Lee Terry	R	NE-2	Yea
Adrian Smith	R	NE-3	Yea
Frank Guinta	R	NH-1	Yea
Charlie Bass	R	NH-2	Yea
Rob Andrews	D	NJ-1	Yea
Donald Payne	D	NJ-10	Yea
Rodney Frelinghuysen	R	NJ-11	Yea
Rush Holt	D	NJ-12	Yea
Albio Sires	D	NJ-13	Yea
Frank LoBiondo	R	NJ-2	Yea
Jon Runyan	R	NJ-3	Yea
Chris Smith	R	NJ-4	Yea
Scott Garrett	R	NJ-5	Yea
Frank Pallone	D	NJ-6	Yea
Leonard Lance	R	NJ-7	Yea
Bill Pascrell	D	NJ-8	Yea
Steven Rothman	D	NJ-9	Yea
Martin Heinrich	D	NM-1	Yea
Steve Pearce	R	NM-2	Yea
Ben Luján	D	NM-3	Yea
Shelley Berkley	D	NV-1	Yea
Mark Amodei	R	NV-2	Yea
Joseph Heck	R	NV-3	Yea
Timothy Bishop	D	NY-1	Yea
Ed Towns	D	NY-10	Yea
Yvette Clarke	D	NY-11	Yea
Nydia Velázquez	D	NY-12	Yea
Michael Grimm	R	NY-13	Yea
Carolyn Maloney	D	NY-14	Yea
Charlie Rangel	D	NY-15	Yea
José Serrano	D	NY-16	Yea
Eliot Engel	D	NY-17	Yea
Nita Lowey	D	NY-18	Yea
Nan Hayworth	R	NY-19	Yea
Steve Israel	D	NY-2	Yea
Christopher Gibson	R	NY-20	Yea
Paul Tonko	D	NY-21	Yea
Maurice Hinchey	D	NY-22	Yea
William Owens	D	NY-23	Yea
Richard Hanna	R	NY-24	Yea
Ann Marie Buerkle	R	NY-25	Yea
Kathleen Hochul	D	NY-26	Yea
Brian Higgins	D	NY-27	Yea
Louise Slaughter	D	NY-28	Yea
Tom Reed	R	NY-29	Yea
Pete King	R	NY-3	Yea
Carolyn McCarthy	D	NY-4	Yea
Gary Ackerman	D	NY-5	Nay
Gregory Meeks	D	NY-6	Yea
Joe Crowley	D	NY-7	Yea
Jerrold Nadler	D	NY-8	Nay
Robert Turner	R	NY-9	Yea
Steve Chabot	R	OH-1	Yea
Dennis Kucinich	D	OH-10	Yea
Marcia Fudge	D	OH-11	Yea
Pat Tiberi	R	OH-12	Yea
Betty Sutton	D	OH-13	Yea
Steven LaTourette	R	OH-14	Yea
Steve Stivers	R	OH-15	Yea
James Renacci	R	OH-16	Not Voting
Tim Ryan	D	OH-17	Yea
Bob Gibbs	R	OH-18	Yea
Jean Schmidt	R	OH-2	Yea
Michael Turner	R	OH-3	Yea
Jim Jordan	R	OH-4	Yea
Robert Latta	R	OH-5	Not Voting
Bill Johnson	R	OH-6	Yea
Steve Austria	R	OH-7	Yea
Marcy Kaptur	D	OH-9	Yea
John Sullivan	R	OK-1	Yea
Dan Boren	D	OK-2	Yea
Frank Lucas	R	OK-3	Yea
Tom Cole	R	OK-4	Yea
James Lankford	R	OK-5	Yea
Greg Walden	R	OR-2	Yea
Earl Blumenauer	D	OR-3	Not Voting
Peter DeFazio	D	OR-4	Yea
Kurt Schrader	D	OR-5	Yea
Robert Brady	D	PA-1	Yea
Tom Marino	R	PA-10	Yea
Lou Barletta	R	PA-11	Yea
Mark Critz	D	PA-12	Yea
Allyson Schwartz	D	PA-13	Yea
Michael Doyle	D	PA-14	Yea
Charles Dent	R	PA-15	Yea
Joseph Pitts	R	PA-16	Yea
Tim Holden	D	PA-17	Yea
Tim Murphy	R	PA-18	Yea
Todd Platts	R	PA-19	Yea
Chaka Fattah	D	PA-2	Not Voting
Mike Kelly	R	PA-3	Yea
Jason Altmire	D	PA-4	Yea
Glenn Thompson	R	PA-5	Yea
Jim Gerlach	R	PA-6	Yea
Patrick Meehan	R	PA-7	Yea
Michael Fitzpatrick	R	PA-8	Yea
Bill Shuster	R	PA-9	Yea
David Cicilline	D	RI-1	Yea
Jim Langevin	D	RI-2	Yea
Tim Scott	R	SC-1	Yea
Joe Wilson	R	SC-2	Yea
Jeff Duncan	R	SC-3	Yea
Trey Gowdy	R	SC-4	Yea
Mick Mulvaney	R	SC-5	Yea
Jim Clyburn	D	SC-6	Yea
Kristi Noem	R	SD-AL	Yea
Phil Roe	R	TN-1	Yea
Jimmy Duncan	R	TN-2	Yea
Chuck Fleischmann	R	TN-3	Yea
Scott DesJarlais	R	TN-4	Yea
Jim Cooper	D	TN-5	Yea
Diane Black	R	TN-6	Yea
Marsha Blackburn	R	TN-7	Yea
Stephen Fincher	R	TN-8	Yea
Steve Cohen	D	TN-9	Yea
Louie Gohmert	R	TX-1	Yea
Michael McCaul	R	TX-10	Yea
K. Conaway	R	TX-11	Yea
Kay Granger	R	TX-12	Yea
Mac Thornberry	R	TX-13	Yea
Ron Paul	R	TX-14	Not Voting
Rubén Hinojosa	D	TX-15	Yea
Silvestre Reyes	D	TX-16	Yea
Bill Flores	R	TX-17	Yea
Sheila Jackson Lee	D	TX-18	Yea
Randy Neugebauer	R	TX-19	Yea
Ted Poe	R	TX-2	Yea
Charlie Gonzalez	D	TX-20	Yea
Lamar Smith	R	TX-21	Yea
Pete Olson	R	TX-22	Yea
Quico Canseco	R	TX-23	Yea
Kenny Marchant	R	TX-24	Yea
Lloyd Doggett	D	TX-25	Yea
Michael Burgess	R	TX-26	Yea
Blake Farenthold	R	TX-27	Yea
Henry Cuellar	D	TX-28	Yea
Gene Green	D	TX-29	Yea
Sam Johnson	R	TX-3	Yea
Eddie Johnson	D	TX-30	Yea
John Carter	R	TX-31	Yea
Pete Sessions	R	TX-32	Yea
Ralph Hall	R	TX-4	Yea
Jeb Hensarling	R	TX-5	Yea
Joe Barton	R	TX-6	Yea
John Culberson	R	TX-7	Yea
Kevin Brady	R	TX-8	Yea
Al Green	D	TX-9	Yea
Rob Bishop	R	UT-1	Yea
Jim Matheson	D	UT-2	Yea
Jason Chaffetz	R	UT-3	Yea
Robert Wittman	R	VA-1	Yea
Frank Wolf	R	VA-10	Yea
Gerald Connolly	D	VA-11	Yea
Scott Rigell	R	VA-2	Yea
Bobby Scott	D	VA-3	Nay
J. Forbes	R	VA-4	Yea
Robert Hurt	R	VA-5	Yea
Bob Goodlatte	R	VA-6	Yea
Eric Cantor	R	VA-7	Yea
Jim Moran	D	VA-8	Yea
H. Griffith	R	VA-9	Not Voting
Peter Welch	D	VT-AL	Yea
Jay Inslee	D	WA-1	Yea
Rick Larsen	D	WA-2	Yea
Jaime Herrera Beutler	R	WA-3	Yea
Doc Hastings	R	WA-4	Yea
Cathy McMorris Rodgers	R	WA-5	Yea
Norm Dicks	D	WA-6	Yea
Jim McDermott	D	WA-7	Yea
David Reichert	R	WA-8	Yea
Adam Smith	D	WA-9	Yea
Paul Ryan	R	WI-1	Yea
Tammy Baldwin	D	WI-2	Yea
Ron Kind	D	WI-3	Yea
Gwen Moore	D	WI-4	Yea
F. Sensenbrenner	R	WI-5	Yea
Tom Petri	R	WI-6	Yea
Sean Duffy	R	WI-7	Yea
Reid Ribble	R	WI-8	Yea
David McKinley	R	WV-1	Yea
Shelley Capito	R	WV-2	Yea
Nick Rahall	D	WV-3	Yea
Cynthia Lummis	R	WY-AL	Yea

Reaffirming "In God We Trust" as the official motto of the United States and supporting and encouraging the…

Votes to become law

Final vote · House · Nov 1, 2011