Honoring the Tuskegee Airmen for their bravery in fighting for our freedom in World War II, and for their…

Full title

Honoring the Tuskegee Airmen for their bravery in fighting for our freedom in World War II, and for their contribution in creating an integrated United States Air Force.

Key: what the circles and colors mean

Each circle is a bill. The ring fills as it moves through Congress:

IntroducedPassed one chamberPassed both chambersBecame law (gold)Resolution agreed to (full, dark)Failed or vetoed (gray)

Under the number: the Yea · Nay count of its final (or latest) recorded vote. On a member's page, the small badge is how that member voted: Y Yea / Aye, N Nay / No, P Present, – Not voting.

Gold and violet are only for Yea and Nay; they never mean a party. A member's party is the letter on their photo.

R RogersSponsor

62 cosponsors · 34 D, 28 R

D Cramer DCR Cunningham JD

R McCotter MOD Owens DP

25 signed on when it was introduced; the rest joined later. Cosponsors who withdrew aren't shown.

House Introduced Jan 25, 2005
House Passed Feb 9, 2005 423–0
Senate Passed May 10, 2005

Declares the sense of Congress that the U.S. Air Force should continue to honor and learn from the example provided by the Tuskegee Airmen as it faces the challenges of the 21st century and the war on terror.

What it does: CRS summary · Passed Senate without amendment · May 10, 2005

(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

Written by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service. All summary versions on Congress.gov

Votes to become law

House · Passed Feb 9, 2005 · 423 Yea – 0 Nay Adoption (two-thirds required) Speaker: J. Dennis Hastert

About this bill and sources

Official title: Honoring the Tuskegee Airmen for their bravery in fighting for our freedom in World War II, and for their contribution in creating an integrated United States Air Force.

Member	Party at vote	Seat	Position
Don Young	R	AK-AL	Yea
Jo Bonner	R	AL-1	Yea
Terry Everett	R	AL-2	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	AL-3	Yea
Robert Aderholt	R	AL-4	Yea
Bud Cramer	D	AL-5	Yea
Spencer Bachus	R	AL-6	Yea
Artur Davis	D	AL-7	Yea
Marion Berry	D	AR-1	Yea
Vic Snyder	D	AR-2	Not Voting
John Boozman	R	AR-3	Yea
Mike Ross	D	AR-4	Yea
Rick Renzi	R	AZ-1	Yea
Trent Franks	R	AZ-2	Yea
John Shadegg	R	AZ-3	Yea
Ed Pastor	D	AZ-4	Yea
J.D. Hayworth	R	AZ-5	Yea
Jeff Flake	R	AZ-6	Yea
Raúl Grijalva	D	AZ-7	Yea
Jim Kolbe	R	AZ-8	Yea
Mike Thompson	D	CA-1	Yea
Ellen Tauscher	D	CA-10	Yea
Richard Pombo	R	CA-11	Yea
Tom Lantos	D	CA-12	Yea
Pete Stark	D	CA-13	Yea
Anna Eshoo	D	CA-14	Not Voting
Mike Honda	D	CA-15	Yea
Zoe Lofgren	D	CA-16	Yea
Sam Farr	D	CA-17	Yea
Dennis Cardoza	D	CA-18	Yea
George Radanovich	R	CA-19	Yea
Wally Herger	R	CA-2	Yea
Jim Costa	D	CA-20	Yea
Devin Nunes	R	CA-21	Yea
Bill Thomas	R	CA-22	Yea
Lois Capps	D	CA-23	Yea
Elton Gallegly	R	CA-24	Yea
Buck McKeon	R	CA-25	Yea
David Dreier	R	CA-26	Yea
Brad Sherman	D	CA-27	Yea
Howard Berman	D	CA-28	Yea
Adam Schiff	D	CA-29	Yea
Daniel Lungren	R	CA-3	Yea
Henry Waxman	D	CA-30	Yea
Xavier Becerra	D	CA-31	Yea
Hilda Solis	D	CA-32	Yea
Diane Watson	D	CA-33	Yea
Lucille Roybal-Allard	D	CA-34	Yea
Maxine Waters	D	CA-35	Yea
Jane Harman	D	CA-36	Yea
Juanita Millender-McDonald	D	CA-37	Yea
Grace Napolitano	D	CA-38	Yea
Linda Sánchez	D	CA-39	Yea
John Doolittle	R	CA-4	Yea
Ed Royce	R	CA-40	Yea
Jerry Lewis	R	CA-41	Yea
Gary Miller	R	CA-42	Yea
Joe Baca	D	CA-43	Yea
Ken Calvert	R	CA-44	Yea
Mary Bono Mack	R	CA-45	Yea
Dana Rohrabacher	R	CA-46	Yea
Loretta Sanchez	D	CA-47	Yea
C. Cox	R	CA-48	Yea
Darrell Issa	R	CA-49	Yea
Duke Cunningham	R	CA-50	Yea
Bob Filner	D	CA-51	Yea
Duncan Hunter	R	CA-52	Yea
Susan Davis	D	CA-53	Yea
Lynn Woolsey	D	CA-6	Yea
George Miller	D	CA-7	Yea
Nancy Pelosi	D	CA-8	Yea
Barbara Lee	D	CA-9	Yea
Diana DeGette	D	CO-1	Yea
Mark Udall	D	CO-2	Yea
John Salazar	D	CO-3	Yea
Marilyn Musgrave	R	CO-4	Yea
Joel Hefley	R	CO-5	Yea
Tom Tancredo	R	CO-6	Yea
Bob Beauprez	R	CO-7	Yea
John Larson	D	CT-1	Yea
Rob Simmons	R	CT-2	Yea
Rosa DeLauro	D	CT-3	Yea
Christopher Shays	R	CT-4	Yea
Nancy Johnson	R	CT-5	Yea
Michael Castle	R	DE-AL	Yea
Jeff Miller	R	FL-1	Yea
C. Young	R	FL-10	Yea
Jim Davis	D	FL-11	Yea
Adam Putnam	R	FL-12	Yea
Katherine Harris	R	FL-13	Yea
Connie Mack	R	FL-14	Yea
Dave Weldon	R	FL-15	Yea
Mark Foley	R	FL-16	Yea
Kendrick Meek	D	FL-17	Yea
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen	R	FL-18	Not Voting
Robert Wexler	D	FL-19	Yea
Allen Boyd	D	FL-2	Yea
Debbie Wasserman Schultz	D	FL-20	Yea
Lincoln Diaz-Balart	R	FL-21	Yea
E. Shaw	R	FL-22	Yea
Alcee Hastings	D	FL-23	Yea
Tom Feeney	R	FL-24	Not Voting
Mario Diaz-Balart	R	FL-25	Yea
Corrine Brown	D	FL-3	Yea
Ander Crenshaw	R	FL-4	Yea
Ginny Brown-Waite	R	FL-5	Yea
Cliff Stearns	R	FL-6	Yea
John Mica	R	FL-7	Not Voting
Ric Keller	R	FL-8	Yea
Michael Bilirakis	R	FL-9	Yea
Jack Kingston	R	GA-1	Yea
Nathan Deal	R	GA-10	Yea
Phil Gingrey	R	GA-11	Yea
John Barrow	D	GA-12	Yea
David Scott	D	GA-13	Yea
Sanford Bishop	D	GA-2	Yea
Jim Marshall	D	GA-3	Yea
Cynthia McKinney	D	GA-4	Yea
John Lewis	D	GA-5	Yea
Tom Price	R	GA-6	Yea
John Linder	R	GA-7	Yea
Lynn Westmoreland	R	GA-8	Yea
Charlie Norwood	R	GA-9	Yea
Neil Abercrombie	D	HI-1	Yea
Ed Case	D	HI-2	Yea
Jim Nussle	R	IA-1	Yea
Jim Leach	R	IA-2	Yea
Leonard Boswell	D	IA-3	Yea
Tom Latham	R	IA-4	Yea
Steve King	R	IA-5	Yea
Butch Otter	R	ID-1	Yea
Mike Simpson	R	ID-2	Yea
Bobby Rush	D	IL-1	Not Voting
Mark Kirk	R	IL-10	Yea
Jerry Weller	R	IL-11	Yea
Jerry Costello	D	IL-12	Yea
Judy Biggert	R	IL-13	Yea
Timothy Johnson	R	IL-15	Yea
Donald Manzullo	R	IL-16	Yea
Lane Evans	D	IL-17	Yea
Ray LaHood	R	IL-18	Yea
John Shimkus	R	IL-19	Yea
Jesse Jackson	D	IL-2	Yea
Daniel Lipinski	D	IL-3	Yea
Luis Gutiérrez	D	IL-4	Yea
Rahm Emanuel	D	IL-5	Yea
Henry Hyde	R	IL-6	Yea
Danny Davis	D	IL-7	Yea
Melissa Bean	D	IL-8	Yea
Jan Schakowsky	D	IL-9	Yea
Peter Visclosky	D	IN-1	Yea
Chris Chocola	R	IN-2	Yea
Mark Souder	R	IN-3	Yea
Steve Buyer	R	IN-4	Yea
Dan Burton	R	IN-5	Yea
Mike Pence	R	IN-6	Yea
Julia Carson	D	IN-7	Yea
John Hostettler	R	IN-8	Yea
Michael Sodrel	R	IN-9	Yea
Jerry Moran	R	KS-1	Yea
Jim Ryun	R	KS-2	Yea
Dennis Moore	D	KS-3	Yea
Todd Tiahrt	R	KS-4	Yea
Ed Whitfield	R	KY-1	Yea
Ron Lewis	R	KY-2	Yea
Anne Northup	R	KY-3	Yea
Geoff Davis	R	KY-4	Yea
Hal Rogers	R	KY-5	Yea
Ben Chandler	D	KY-6	Yea
Bobby Jindal	R	LA-1	Yea
William Jefferson	D	LA-2	Yea
Charles Melancon	D	LA-3	Yea
Jim McCrery	R	LA-4	Yea
Rodney Alexander	R	LA-5	Yea
Richard Baker	R	LA-6	Yea
Charles Boustany	R	LA-7	Yea
John Olver	D	MA-1	Yea
Bill Delahunt	D	MA-10	Yea
Richard Neal	D	MA-2	Yea
Jim McGovern	D	MA-3	Yea
Barney Frank	D	MA-4	Yea
Marty Meehan	D	MA-5	Yea
John Tierney	D	MA-6	Yea
Ed Markey	D	MA-7	Yea
Michael Capuano	D	MA-8	Yea
Stephen Lynch	D	MA-9	Yea
Wayne Gilchrest	R	MD-1	Yea
C. Ruppersberger	D	MD-2	Yea
Benjamin Cardin	D	MD-3	Yea
Albert Wynn	D	MD-4	Yea
Steny Hoyer	D	MD-5	Yea
Roscoe Bartlett	R	MD-6	Yea
Elijah Cummings	D	MD-7	Yea
Chris Van Hollen	D	MD-8	Yea
Tom Allen	D	ME-1	Yea
Michael Michaud	D	ME-2	Yea
Bart Stupak	D	MI-1	Not Voting
Candice Miller	R	MI-10	Yea
Thad McCotter	R	MI-11	Yea
Sander Levin	D	MI-12	Yea
Carolyn Kilpatrick	D	MI-13	Yea
John Conyers	D	MI-14	Yea
John Dingell	D	MI-15	Yea
Pete Hoekstra	R	MI-2	Yea
Vernon Ehlers	R	MI-3	Yea
Dave Camp	R	MI-4	Yea
Dale Kildee	D	MI-5	Yea
Fred Upton	R	MI-6	Yea
Joe Schwarz	R	MI-7	Yea
Mike Rogers	R	MI-8	Yea
Joe Knollenberg	R	MI-9	Yea
Gil Gutknecht	R	MN-1	Yea
John Kline	R	MN-2	Yea
Jim Ramstad	R	MN-3	Yea
Betty McCollum	D	MN-4	Yea
Martin Sabo	D	MN-5	Yea
Mark Kennedy	R	MN-6	Yea
Collin Peterson	D	MN-7	Yea
James Oberstar	D	MN-8	Yea
Wm. Clay	D	MO-1	Yea
W. Akin	R	MO-2	Yea
Russ Carnahan	D	MO-3	Yea
Ike Skelton	D	MO-4	Yea
Emanuel Cleaver	D	MO-5	Yea
Sam Graves	R	MO-6	Yea
Roy Blunt	R	MO-7	Yea
Jo Ann Emerson	R	MO-8	Yea
Kenny Hulshof	R	MO-9	Yea
Roger Wicker	R	MS-1	Yea
Bennie Thompson	D	MS-2	Yea
Chip Pickering	R	MS-3	Yea
Gene Taylor	D	MS-4	Yea
Denny Rehberg	R	MT-AL	Yea
G.K. Butterfield	D	NC-1	Yea
Patrick McHenry	R	NC-10	Yea
Charles Taylor	R	NC-11	Yea
Mel Watt	D	NC-12	Yea
Brad Miller	D	NC-13	Yea
Bob Etheridge	D	NC-2	Yea
Walter Jones	R	NC-3	Yea
David Price	D	NC-4	Yea
Virginia Foxx	R	NC-5	Yea
Howard Coble	R	NC-6	Yea
Mike McIntyre	D	NC-7	Yea
Robin Hayes	R	NC-8	Yea
Sue Myrick	R	NC-9	Yea
Earl Pomeroy	D	ND-AL	Yea
Jeff Fortenberry	R	NE-1	Yea
Lee Terry	R	NE-2	Yea
Tom Osborne	R	NE-3	Yea
Jeb Bradley	R	NH-1	Yea
Charlie Bass	R	NH-2	Yea
Rob Andrews	D	NJ-1	Yea
Donald Payne	D	NJ-10	Yea
Rodney Frelinghuysen	R	NJ-11	Yea
Rush Holt	D	NJ-12	Yea
Bob Menendez	D	NJ-13	Yea
Frank LoBiondo	R	NJ-2	Yea
Jim Saxton	R	NJ-3	Yea
Chris Smith	R	NJ-4	Yea
Scott Garrett	R	NJ-5	Yea
Frank Pallone	D	NJ-6	Yea
Mike Ferguson	R	NJ-7	Yea
Bill Pascrell	D	NJ-8	Yea
Steven Rothman	D	NJ-9	Yea
Heather Wilson	R	NM-1	Yea
Steve Pearce	R	NM-2	Yea
Tom Udall	D	NM-3	Yea
Shelley Berkley	D	NV-1	Yea
Jim Gibbons	R	NV-2	Yea
Jon Porter	R	NV-3	Yea
Timothy Bishop	D	NY-1	Yea
Ed Towns	D	NY-10	Yea
Major Owens	D	NY-11	Yea
Nydia Velázquez	D	NY-12	Yea
Vito Fossella	R	NY-13	Yea
Carolyn Maloney	D	NY-14	Yea
Charlie Rangel	D	NY-15	Yea
José Serrano	D	NY-16	Yea
Eliot Engel	D	NY-17	Yea
Nita Lowey	D	NY-18	Yea
Sue Kelly	R	NY-19	Yea
Steve Israel	D	NY-2	Yea
John Sweeney	R	NY-20	Yea
Michael McNulty	D	NY-21	Yea
Maurice Hinchey	D	NY-22	Not Voting
John McHugh	R	NY-23	Yea
Sherry Boehlert	R	NY-24	Yea
Jim Walsh	R	NY-25	Yea
Thomas Reynolds	R	NY-26	Yea
Brian Higgins	D	NY-27	Yea
Louise Slaughter	D	NY-28	Yea
Randy Kuhl	R	NY-29	Yea
Pete King	R	NY-3	Yea
Carolyn McCarthy	D	NY-4	Yea
Gary Ackerman	D	NY-5	Yea
Gregory Meeks	D	NY-6	Yea
Joe Crowley	D	NY-7	Yea
Jerrold Nadler	D	NY-8	Yea
Anthony Weiner	D	NY-9	Yea
Steve Chabot	R	OH-1	Yea
Dennis Kucinich	D	OH-10	Yea
Stephanie Jones	D	OH-11	Yea
Pat Tiberi	R	OH-12	Yea
Sherrod Brown	D	OH-13	Yea
Steven LaTourette	R	OH-14	Yea
Deborah Pryce	R	OH-15	Yea
Ralph Regula	R	OH-16	Yea
Tim Ryan	D	OH-17	Yea
Bob Ney	R	OH-18	Yea
Rob Portman	R	OH-2	Yea
Michael Turner	R	OH-3	Yea
Michael Oxley	R	OH-4	Yea
Paul Gillmor	R	OH-5	Yea
Ted Strickland	D	OH-6	Yea
Dave Hobson	R	OH-7	Yea
John Boehner	R	OH-8	Yea
Marcy Kaptur	D	OH-9	Yea
John Sullivan	R	OK-1	Yea
Dan Boren	D	OK-2	Yea
Frank Lucas	R	OK-3	Yea
Tom Cole	R	OK-4	Yea
Ernest Istook	R	OK-5	Yea
David Wu	D	OR-1	Yea
Greg Walden	R	OR-2	Yea
Earl Blumenauer	D	OR-3	Yea
Peter DeFazio	D	OR-4	Yea
Darlene Hooley	D	OR-5	Yea
Robert Brady	D	PA-1	Yea
Don Sherwood	R	PA-10	Yea
Paul Kanjorski	D	PA-11	Yea
John Murtha	D	PA-12	Yea
Allyson Schwartz	D	PA-13	Yea
Michael Doyle	D	PA-14	Yea
Charles Dent	R	PA-15	Yea
Joseph Pitts	R	PA-16	Yea
Tim Holden	D	PA-17	Yea
Tim Murphy	R	PA-18	Yea
Todd Platts	R	PA-19	Yea
Chaka Fattah	D	PA-2	Yea
Phil English	R	PA-3	Yea
Melissa Hart	R	PA-4	Yea
John Peterson	R	PA-5	Yea
Jim Gerlach	R	PA-6	Yea
Curt Weldon	R	PA-7	Yea
Michael Fitzpatrick	R	PA-8	Yea
Bill Shuster	R	PA-9	Yea
Patrick Kennedy	D	RI-1	Yea
Jim Langevin	D	RI-2	Yea
Henry Brown	R	SC-1	Yea
Joe Wilson	R	SC-2	Yea
J. Gresham Barrett	R	SC-3	Yea
Bob Inglis	R	SC-4	Yea
John Spratt	D	SC-5	Yea
Jim Clyburn	D	SC-6	Yea
Stephanie Herseth Sandlin	D	SD-AL	Yea
Bill Jenkins	R	TN-1	Yea
Jimmy Duncan	R	TN-2	Yea
Zach Wamp	R	TN-3	Yea
Lincoln Davis	D	TN-4	Yea
Jim Cooper	D	TN-5	Yea
Bart Gordon	D	TN-6	Not Voting
Marsha Blackburn	R	TN-7	Yea
John Tanner	D	TN-8	Yea
Harold Ford	D	TN-9	Yea
Louie Gohmert	R	TX-1	Yea
Michael McCaul	R	TX-10	Yea
K. Conaway	R	TX-11	Yea
Kay Granger	R	TX-12	Yea
Mac Thornberry	R	TX-13	Yea
Ron Paul	R	TX-14	Yea
Rubén Hinojosa	D	TX-15	Not Voting
Silvestre Reyes	D	TX-16	Yea
Chet Edwards	D	TX-17	Yea
Sheila Jackson Lee	D	TX-18	Yea
Randy Neugebauer	R	TX-19	Yea
Ted Poe	R	TX-2	Yea
Charlie Gonzalez	D	TX-20	Yea
Lamar Smith	R	TX-21	Yea
Tom DeLay	R	TX-22	Yea
Henry Bonilla	R	TX-23	Yea
Kenny Marchant	R	TX-24	Yea
Lloyd Doggett	D	TX-25	Yea
Michael Burgess	R	TX-26	Yea
Solomon Ortiz	D	TX-27	Yea
Henry Cuellar	D	TX-28	Yea
Gene Green	D	TX-29	Yea
Sam Johnson	R	TX-3	Yea
Eddie Johnson	D	TX-30	Yea
John Carter	R	TX-31	Yea
Pete Sessions	R	TX-32	Yea
Ralph Hall	R	TX-4	Yea
Jeb Hensarling	R	TX-5	Yea
Joe Barton	R	TX-6	Yea
John Culberson	R	TX-7	Yea
Kevin Brady	R	TX-8	Yea
Al Green	D	TX-9	Yea
Rob Bishop	R	UT-1	Yea
Jim Matheson	D	UT-2	Yea
Chris Cannon	R	UT-3	Yea
Jo Ann Davis	R	VA-1	Yea
Frank Wolf	R	VA-10	Yea
Tom Davis	R	VA-11	Yea
Thelma Drake	R	VA-2	Yea
Bobby Scott	D	VA-3	Yea
J. Forbes	R	VA-4	Yea
Virgil Goode	R	VA-5	Yea
Bob Goodlatte	R	VA-6	Yea
Eric Cantor	R	VA-7	Yea
Jim Moran	D	VA-8	Yea
Rick Boucher	D	VA-9	Yea
Bernie Sanders	I	VT-AL	Yea
Jay Inslee	D	WA-1	Yea
Rick Larsen	D	WA-2	Yea
Brian Baird	D	WA-3	Yea
Doc Hastings	R	WA-4	Yea
Cathy McMorris Rodgers	R	WA-5	Yea
Norm Dicks	D	WA-6	Yea
Jim McDermott	D	WA-7	Yea
David Reichert	R	WA-8	Yea
Adam Smith	D	WA-9	Yea
Paul Ryan	R	WI-1	Yea
Tammy Baldwin	D	WI-2	Yea
Ron Kind	D	WI-3	Yea
Gwen Moore	D	WI-4	Yea
F. Sensenbrenner	R	WI-5	Yea
Tom Petri	R	WI-6	Yea
Dave Obey	D	WI-7	Yea
Mark Green	R	WI-8	Yea
Alan Mollohan	D	WV-1	Yea
Shelley Capito	R	WV-2	Yea
Nick Rahall	D	WV-3	Yea
Barbara Cubin	R	WY-AL	Yea

Honoring the Tuskegee Airmen for their bravery in fighting for our freedom in World War II, and for their…

Votes to become law

Final vote · House · Feb 9, 2005